Throughout history, mankind have been in constant motion. Today, more people than ever before live in nations other than their birthplace. Africa, a continent rich in history and diversity, has experienced its fair share of migration.
This movement, impacted by globalization, urbanization, and conflict, has had a tremendous impact on the continent’s social fabric. Whether seeking better chances, fleeing crises, or enticed by the continent’s economic prospects, migrants have always moved across and beyond Africa’s boundaries.
Here are the 10 African countries with the highest populations of international migrants. From South Africa’s busy markets to Uganda’s tranquil countryside, each of these countries has a distinct migration tale. Migration not only boosts the economic vibrancy of these countries through labor market participation and entrepreneurship, but it also creates social issues, particularly in metropolitan centers where resources and identities are frequently contested.
1. South Africa
South Africa, sometimes known as the ‘Rainbow Nation,’ tops the continent with around 2.86 million international migrants. The country’s advanced economy and thriving cultural scene draw people from all over the world. Migrants make important contributions to the labor and enrich the nation’s cultural tapestry. However, the integration process is not without difficulties, since issues concerning water resources and housing persist.
2. Côte d’Ivoire
With 2.56 million international migrants, Côte d’Ivoire exemplifies West Africa’s allure. The nation’s thriving cocoa industry and expanding metropolitan areas provide several prospects for migrants. However, rapid population growth puts a pressure on urban infrastructure, particularly the provision of adequate water supplies and public services.
3. Uganda
Uganda, home to 1.72 million migrants, is known for its welcoming climate, especially for refugees from neighboring countries. The country’s progressive refugee laws allow migrants to work and travel freely, cultivating a sense of community and mutual assistance. However, the migration puts pressure on local resources, particularly in areas where humans and animals compete for water and land.
4. Sudan
Despite its complex conflicts, Sudan has 1.38 million migrants, many of whom are seeking safety and security. The country’s strategic position and rich history make it a major hub for human mobility. Migrants frequently suffer integration barriers and limited access to basic utilities such as clean water.
5. Nigeria
Nigeria’s varied economy draws 1.31 million migrants seeking opportunities in industries ranging from entertainment to technology. However, the country’s large population creates issues in urban planning and resource management, notably in terms of ensuring sustainable water supply.
6. Ethiopia
Ethiopia has a millennia-long history and currently houses 1.09 million migrants. Its thriving coffee industry and expanding manufacturing sector present several chances. However, issues such as water scarcity continue to pose challenges for both natives and migrants.
7. Kenya
Kenya, with 1.05 million international migrants, is East Africa’s commercial and technological hub. The country’s policies have generally favored immigration, resulting in a dynamic cultural and economic landscape. Nonetheless, water management remains a key concern as the city expands.
8. Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, home to 0.95 million migrants, is a land rich in resources and promise. Migrants are drawn to the country’s mineral-rich regions, but continuous conflicts bring considerable risks and obstacles, such as access to clean water and safe living conditions.
9. South Sudan
South Sudan, one of the world’s newest countries, has an estimated 0.88 million migrants. Despite its political volatility, it provides optimism to many people wanting a fresh start. There are significant issues here, particularly in terms of water access and healthcare.
10. Libya
Libya’s geographical location has made it a popular transit hub for migrants headed for Europe. With 0.83 million migrants, it is a key stop on the Mediterranean migration route. However, the country’s persistent violence exacerbates efforts to deliver fundamental amenities, such as access to clean water.