Thurman was frequently ill as a child. Despite dropping out of school owing to illness and heart attacks, his health improved over time and he was able to complete high school in Salt Lake City. Thurman later attended the University of Utah and the University of Southern California, but did not graduate from either.
Thurman acquired a job working as a newspaper reporter while residing in Los Angeles, California, and then went on to be the founder of a magazine, “Outlet”. The journal was claimed to be the West Coast’s equal to the NAACP monthly “The Crisis.” Thurman decided to migrate to Harlem, New York in 1925 after living in California for a few years.
For the next 10 years he dedicated his life as an editor and writer of books, plays and articles. Thurman frequently stated that African-American artists should embrace expression on their own terms, rather than in order to gain acceptance from Anglo-Americans.
Thurman frequently hosted meetings for Black authors and artists in his flat. He called to the chamber in which they sat about and collaborated the “Niggerati Manor” which was painted black and crimson with murals on the walls.
Thurman’s most notable works include Harlem, a Broadway play that premiered in 1929, and the books The Blacker the Berry: A Novel of Negro Life (1929) and Infants of the Spring (1930). (1932). Thurman also wrote as Patrick Casey and Ethel B. Wells. Thurman died of tuberculosis on December 22, 1934, in New York City, at the age of 32.